This research study, published in The Lancet’s E Clinical Medicine Journal, corroborates on many such findings which are resulting from multiple scientific and clinical studies: the Sars-CoV-2 virus impacts the brain, and its repercussions can be long-lasting and can be felt long after the patient recovers. The cognitive deficits can persist into the recovery phase for a prolonged period.

It has been found that deficit in cognition was worse among patients who suffered from severe respiratory symptoms and among those who turned out positive in a covid test. The researchers calibrated their analysis to account for difference based on age, gender, education, pre-existing medical disorders, depressions, anxiety and other demographic and socio-economic variables to discard any biases into the results.

Another study, led by neuroscientists and researchers in Oxford university, covered detailed analysis of the brain scans of people before and after they contracted Covid-19. The study found that in over 400 people, there was a significant loss of grey matter that indicates some amount of brain damage and damage to the areas that involved functions related to taste, cognition and memory formation.

A team of scientists and clinicians attending the 2021 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference presented findings from Greece and Argentina that Covid-19 resulted cognitive impairments in older adults, including lack of smell and early Alzheimer-like symptoms.

These findings across the world and subsequent surge in Covid cases owing to the new Omicron variant calls for a more detailed and deep understanding of the long-term neurological impacts of Covid-19.

The post Long Covid to Diminish Cognitive Abilities appeared first on New Age Healthcare.

There are about 2,975 startups in India that focus on health-tech. Here are some of the leaders in this space which are climbing to become the pioneers in innovation helping to enhance patient safety, healthcare outcomes and quality of care:

Qure.ai: Qure.ai dvelops deep learning algorithms that interpret radiology images. The company repurposed its product to detect for Covid-19 and quantify the proportion of lungs affected due to lesions, generating reports in less than a minute. It also developed an app for frontline health care providers for contact monitoring and remote triaging of Covid-19 patients.

Mfine: Mfine is an AI-driven healthcare network offering online doctor consultations. The company has launched a Covid-19 self-assessment tool, along with the option of a video consultation service, which has been used by over 60,000 people. It also offers services for infected patients in home quarantine.

HealthPlix: HealthPlix provides clinical software for doctors. It has developed an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) software, and provides Clinical Decision Support (CDS) to doctors and helps them generate e-prescriptions under 30 seconds.

Remedo: Remedo runs a telemedicine platform connecting over a lakh patients with doctors on its platform. The startup is expanding to other specialities like cardiovascular, neuro, and respirators. Remedo, connects doctors with patients, offering customised care plans, including consultation, follow-up visit reminders, tests, medicine reminders, and detailed answers to patient FAQs.

MyLab: MyLab is a biotechnology company that produces molecular diagnostic detection kits. It became the first Indian firm to receive commercial approval from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization to manufacture Covid-19 test kits.

MedGenome: MedGenome is a genomics and clincal-data driven diagnostics and drug discovery research company. It has partnered with Xcyton Diagnostocs to undertake the Covid-19 testing at its Bengaluru lab. It has also tied up with US-based SciGenom Research Foundation to analyse DNA sequences and variation data from over 300,000 individuals to predict susceptibility to coronavirus.

1mg: 1mg is an online healthcare provider offering e-pharmacy, online consultation and diagnostic services. It was among the first companies to introduce mobile Covid-19 testing vans. It has worked with enterprises to build a standard operating procedure to deal with employees testing positive for Covid-19 and has stepped up efforts to deliver medicines homes through its e-pharma unit. It faces stiff competition in the e-pharma space by many startups such as pharmeasy, medlife, netmeds etc. The e-pharmacy market in India is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 63% to reach US $3,657 million (~Rs.25,000 crore) by 2022.

An estimated 4,800 healthtech startups are leveraging cutting-edge technologies to help fight the pandemic in India. The rapid rise of these start-ups exhibits that India is strongly advocating the use of technology to strengthen its healthcare ecosystem and provide much needed quality care to its citizens.

Sources:

https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/

https://yourstory.com/

https://inc42.com/

The post Leading the Health-tech Startup Pack appeared first on New Age Healthcare.

These are some of the statistics which highlight this grim and pertinent issue:

1. 134 million adverse events occur each year due to unsafe care in hospitals in low and middle-income countries, resulting in 2.6 million deaths.
2. Unsafe care is likely to be one of the 10 leading causes of death/disability worldwide.
3. Unsafe medication practices and medication errors results in many casualties and massive amount of money being lost. Globally, the cost associated with medication errors has been estimated at $42 billion per year.
4. More than 1 million patients die annually from complications dues to surgery.
5. Unsafe surgical care procedures cause complications in upto 25% of patients, affecting 7 million patients.
6. About half of diagnostic errors – failure to identify the nature of illness – have the potential to cause several harm.
7. 10 out of every 100 hospitalized patients will acquire one or more healthcare associated infections.

Patient Safety Day was established by WHO to bring in a patient safety culture that promotes partnership with patients, encourages reporting and learning from errors, and creates a blame-free environment where health workers are empowered and trained to reduce errors. In today’s tech heavy world where rapid advancements are being made the way healthcare is provided, patient harm due to such practices is totally unacceptable. An urgent action-plan by countries and partners around the world is required to reduce patient harm in health care. Patient safety and quality of care are essential for delivering effective health services and achieving universal health coverage.

Investment in improving patient safety can lead to significant financial savings. The cost of prevention is much lower than the cost of treatment due to harm. In the United States alone, focused safety improvements led to an estimated US$28 billion in savings in Medicare hospitals between 2010 and 2015. Greater patient involvement is the key to safer care. Engaging patients can reduce the burden of harm by up to 15%, saving billions of dollars each year.

Healthcare providers and administrators must explore opportunities to invest and implement much more safer practices to improve patient, staff and visitors safety. This will enhance awareness about patient safety and hence entail significant benefits for all the parties involved.

Sources:

https://www.who.int/

https://www.thehindu.com/

https://patientsafetymovement.org/

The post Patient Safety as a Global Health Priority appeared first on New Age Healthcare.

In the absence of a veritable vaccine for coronavirus, countries around the globe have turned to contact tracing technology to limit the spread of the contagion, assist health bodies track individual and subsequent community exposure, and to relax lockdown restrictions. There is a deluge of contact tracing mobile apps and in the last two months, around 45 such apps have been launched worldwide in over 25 countries, emphasizing the critical significance of digital contact tracing. Albeit proven to be an effective tool, these apps are engulfed by ample disputes and controversies pertaining to violation of privacy infringements guidelines and data protection laws inviting severe rebuke from activists, privacy advocates and cybersecurity experts.

Mechanism of action

The contact tracing apps require constant access to location history through GPS. The user has to input information such as name, mobile number, age, gender, profession, travel history etc. Bluetooth range is considered as proximity sensor and helps to alert a user if there is a possible contact with another user who is infected. Around 70% of these apps globally work on the centralized model which effectively means that the location details and the collected anonymized data by the app is channeled into a centrally run database rather than storing locally on the user’s phone (known as the decentralized model). This database is most likely controlled by the country’s government or the local health regulatory body raising serious questions on the transparency and the cybersecurity-hygiene principles adopted to stop misuse of this data for any unintended purpose.

Aarogya Setu: Benefits and the Controversy

On April 2^nd, India’s official tracing app, Aarogya Setu, was launched with aplomb. Since then it has witnessed 120 million downloads till May 29^th, making it the most downloaded contact tracing app in the world (and the seventh most downloaded app worldwide in April overtaking Netflix). Available in 12 languages, the app has helped to predict 3000 virus hotspots at a sub-post office level, traced over 500,000 people and alerted over 140,000 Indians of possible infections.

The data that the Aarogya Setu app collects is divided into four categories—demographic, self-assessment, contact and location and is stored and managed on the government servers. Data is deleted from the government server after a maximum of 60 days and the information stored on phone in 30 days. Recently, MIT downgraded the rating of the app (1 star out of 5) citing reason that the app does not follow the principle of ‘data minimalization’ – implying that it collects far more data points from the user than actually required for contact tracing.

Privacy advocates and cybersecurity experts have raised serious questions on the legal framework and the standard operating procedure around the Aarogya Setu app. It has been alleged that this app breaches privacy of the citizens as the government can use the app and the data to monitor and control individuals. A popular French ethical hacker flagged security vulnerabilities in the app and apparently leaked on twitter some info collected from the app. Many experts have also stated that data of millions of Indians, collected through the Aarogya Setu app, could land up in ‘adversarial hands’ ensuing a national security challenge.

Taking a cue from Australia, Israel, Singapore and UK, Indian government recently made the app open-source which makes it open for developers, researchers, coders and hackers to find flaws and loopholes in the app. An award of INR 100,000 can be earned by submitting any bug in the app which will help the government to improve it. However, the open-source code of the app only shows how the app interacts with user disclosing nothing on what is happening on the server side. This again poses numerous data privacy and security concerns.

What countries are doing

China was amongst the first few countries to launch these apps systematically for its population and this played a pivotal role in arresting the spread and lift regional lockdowns in the country. Despite questions being raised on the efficacy of these apps, countries such as Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea have successfully used mobile app technology to keep a strict eye on the people in quarantine thereby limiting the outbreak. In Australia and Singapore, users can request for their data stored on government servers to be deleted.

Implications of these data security concerns are rampant. A security flaw in Qatar’s coronavirus contact tracing app risked the sensitive personal data of more than one million people before it was fixed. In Poland, the official contract tracing app is in the heart of a debate on privacy and surveillance where numerous opportunities for abuse have been cited. Number of gulf countries – Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain – have made the use of the app mandatory issuing warning of jail terms for violators which has led to severe backlash from regulators and activists. US has no contract tracing plan yet for its citizens but many of the states have announced their own in the form of apps working on the Bluetooth technology or by simply sending survey questionnaires via text or email to gather information from the people to track the infection.

However, amidst the privacy issues encircling the contact tracing apps, many countries are taking appropriate measures. Europe follows one of the sternest privacy regulations in world. Switzerland has launched the world’s first contact tracing app built on the API platform developed by Google and Apple together which follows a decentralized approach. UK is also conducting trials to develop a second app which is based on this Apple-Google API (UK’s first app is based on the centralized model). Germany, Italy, Austria and Ireland are also contemplating on building apps using the Apple-Google API.

Trade-off between public health and individual’s privacy

Mounting apprehensions related to such apps should act as a warning to governments which in hope of surgical digital precision are gushing out poorly designed contact tracing apps without a robust supporting legal framework. Citizens and activists within many countries have warranted concerns that governments can use this public health crisis for uncalled surveillance and violate their fundamental rights. A recent research by experts in John Hopkin University suggests that that privacy should not outweigh public health goals and other values.

Conversely, this situation can be looked upon from a different lens. The world is combating an unprecedented crisis and these challenging times calls for some degree of trade-off between regulations and measures to mitigate health, economic and humanitarian challenges brought about by coronavirus pandemic. Over-emphasis on privacy will impact the ability to gather information which is essential for effective contract tracing. Governments, tech organizations and regulatory bodies should collaborate to instil transparency and increase trust for the efficacy of the app amongst people. Publicly releasing the source code of the contact-tracing apps done by India, UK and other countries is a first step in that direction. This could go a long way in setting standards for using data for tackling health crisis.

The post Contact Tracing Apps: Privacy Implications and Trade-offs appeared first on New Age Healthcare.

Aarogya Setu: India’s Contact Tracing App

On April 2, India launched its official contact tracing app – Aarogya Setu. The app has witnessed steady downloads since its launch reaching to 115 million downloads by 26^th May, making it the most downloaded contact tracing app in the world (and the seventh most downloaded app worldwide in April). It is available in 12 languages across both android and iOS platforms. According to the Indian government, the app has successfully predicted 3,000 coronavirus hotspots at a sub-post office level and alerted more than 140,000 users about possible infections. It is mandatory to install this app if you have to use the recently opened airline services in India. Employees of few private organisations and public sector units have been compulsory asked to use the app while entering the office premises.

How does the app work?

Around 70% of the contact tracing apps run on a centralised system which effectively means that the location and the data processed by the app is funnelled into a centrally run database maintained by the government or a local health body. India’s app also functions on this centralised system and requires continuous access to location history through Bluetooth and GPS. The entire data collected via the app is stored and managed on the government servers. MIT recently downgraded the rating of the app (1 out of 5) as the app does not follow the principle of ‘data minimalization’ – meaning that it collects far more data points from the user than actually required for contact tracing. The data that the Aarogya Setu app collects is divided into four categories—demographic, self-assessment, contact and location. The collected information includes person’s name, mobile number, age, gender, profession, travel history, locations of individuals around you etc. The app can constantly access your location.

Privacy Infringement Concerns

Ever since its launch, the Aarogya Setu app has faced constant ire by privacy advocates and cybersecurity experts for privacy and transparency issues. Some have alleged that this app can be used in future for mass surveillance to control and monitor the movements of the population. The concerns also stem from the fact that India lacks robust data protection laws and the established frameworks that regulate the collection, storage, and use of the collected public health data. In the recent past, multiple cases of unauthorised data breaches and subsequent data leaks have appeared in India, which makes it hard to trust government’s claim of data security through this app.

On the other hand, the developer of the app claims that the app is safe, secure and the data collected is encrypted. Indian government recently made the app open-source making it open for developers and experts to find vulnerabilities in the app. The Government has also announced a bug bounty program to allow security researchers win an award of INR 400,000 by highlighting any issues and flaws within the app. This will increase the transparency and help in building trust.

Watch this second episode of ‘India Health Talk’, focusing on the privacy issues around the Arogya Setu and potential trade-offs to arrest the spread of novel coronavirus.

The post Aarogya Setu App: Life-Saving or Privacy Invasion appeared first on New Age Healthcare.

Benefits and Roadblocks

Despite the rewards most of these AI applications are seen outside India. A discussion paper floated by Indian government’s Niti Aayog places healthcare among one of the focus areas for AI intervention. For India, according to the Niti Aayog, an incremental USD 957 billion could be added to the GDP by 2035 by adopting AI in sectors such as healthcare and education, boosting India’s annual growth by 1.3 percentage points by 2035. Of all countries, India, with its dismal and egregious healthcare system and infrastructure, certainly can benefit from this technological disruption. AI has tremendous potential to bridge resource gaps in Indian healthcare framework, enhance the accessibility of quality care and ultimately reduce the burgeoning costs.

But still we hardly witness any major implementations of AI in India. Why is that and what are the key deterrents to the growth of AI in healthcare in India? Is it due to scarcity of funding, dearth of skills in AI, reluctance by doctors to adopt AI, lack of clear guidelines for AI adoption or the existing archaic regulatory infrastructure in India?

Inside View

Dr. Vikram Venkateswaran (Director, Deloitte and Founder of Healthcare in India) and Dr. Sumeet Kad recently engaged in an intriguing discussion on the role of AI in healthcare and what are the challenges holding back the adoption of AI in healthcare in India. Please click in the video below to watch and also share your comments (YouTube link: https://bit.ly/2AFXsmD)

The post Future of AI in Healthcare in India: Opportunities and Challenges appeared first on New Age Healthcare.

In another caustic case, a 25 yr old pregnant woman in Delhi, visited two of the leading government hospitals in Delhi for antenatal care. Both the hospitals denied her admission as she was not Covid-19 positive. As a result, she visited 6 hospitals and maternity clinics in next 48hrs before giving birth outside AIIMS. Many hospitals and nursing homes are completely shut even if one case comes up in them.

Patients Struggle for Health Services

There are plethora of such cases rising across the country as our healthcare system is under stress from managing the contagion outbreak. This is despite the fact that GoI has asked state chief secretaries to ensure that hospitals and clinics do not ask for a Covid test report from every patient who requires medical treatment. This raises red-flags and serious questions on the local authorities and regulatory bodies who have also threatened to cancel the operating license of hospitals and clinics, if they turn away any non-Covid patient. Patients also fear of the escalated economic cost if their treatment cost is not claimed or reimbursed as not all nursing home and clinics fall under health insurance policies.

Similar danger mounts on Cancer and TB patients. India has the world’s largest TB load of 25%. In Mumbai, due to COVID, lack of adherence to TB drug regimen has risen to 40% from 15%. A significant decrease in TB notification has been witnessed which indicated that access to a TB center and subsequent diagnosis and reporting has been severely hit. These are dangerous signs which are being ignored. A TB patient can infect 10-15 more, and such patient can become a breeding-ground of new Coronavirus cases as Covid hits hard on low immunity patients. Many senior oncologists have claimed that due to difficulty in travelling during lockdown, many hospitals not providing regular treatment, hospitals shutting down and fear of contracting covid, have resulted in a delayed diagnosis of cancer patients which can push them to an advanced stage of cancer.

Haphazard Guidelines

There has to be clear and stringent guidelines by MoH to each state health authorities highlighting the delirious effect of not providing critical care to non-Covid cases. State should ensure that no patient is denied treatment for any ailment by a hospital (government or private). Instead of shutting down the entire hospital even for one covid case, a wiser approach of creating zones within the hospital can be implemented. Online, phone consultation and Tele-medicine modules should be made widespread thorough proper communication channels.

Our healthcare infrastructure is one of the weakest in the world with lack of adequate health care professional adding to the woes. We certainly can’t afford to inflict more burden on the already fragile healthcare services by denying treatment to those who are in need.

The post Pandemic’s Effect on Care of Non-Coronavirus Patients appeared first on New Age Healthcare.

On Feb 17, 31st case of coronavirus surfaced in Daegu, South Korea. On outlining the tracks of this ‘Patient 31’, public health official ascertained that in the last ten days the patient had attended two worship services with over 1000 people. Within a week, a 30-fold increase occurred in the nation’s number of cases. Since then, extensive use of analytics and data science has been central to South Korea’s approach in successfully ‘flattening the curve’. South Korean government has been tracking on quarantined people through a mobile app which also aids patients’ communication with the local health authorities to report symptoms.

The utilisation of data analytics to understand the causes of the pandemic is reflective of the substantial transformation in the potential of organisations and governments to collect massive amount of data and use AI algorithms to harness them. In this battle, firms have been collecting and processing real-time data at an unprecedented pace and scale. Countries such as India, Singapore, China, Korea, Spain and Israel have successfully developed and deployed indigenous mobile apps to provide instant notifications if an exposure to a covid infected person has occurred. Government health officials and epidemiologists then uses such data sets to track down and screen the exposed individuals and create hot-spot zones where stern isolation is implemented.

Artificial Intelligence for Monitoring and Drug Development

Baidu, a Chinese tech giant, uses infrared sensor and Artificial Intelligence powered facial recognition technology to predict people’s temperature at various airports and railway stations. Drones powered with AI-based thermal screening are deployed in public places by various nations to detect fever. AI and cloud computing are being used extensively to identify potential drugs and augment the research for coronavirus vaccine development. IBM has offered its AI-powered virtual agent, Watson Assistant for Citizens, which helps governments deliver accurate information to their citizens. Microsoft had released chatbots that can help people self-identify the best action plan based on their symptoms. Tech  majors – Apple and Google – recently announced a collaboration for developing a decentralised contact tracing tool. Machine-learning tools have analysed millions of social media posts in China to help predict the spread.

The aforementioned examples clearly indicate that the striking advances in data analytics and AI-based algorithms have provided a strong fillip to global efforts in identifying communities at risk and arresting the contagion spread. BlueDot, a Canadian AI-based infectious disease surveillance system, spotted the coronavirus nine days before WHO released an alert for the virus’ emergence. Scientists at Carnegie Melon University have developed an AI based tool that can determine a covid infected case by analyzing the sound of a person’s breath and cough.

Active monitoring and contact tracing, and analyzing real-time data is pivotal to assuage the stark implications stemming of the pandemic. Countries such as Singapore, India, Taiwan, China, South Korea, Spain, Norway, Belgium etc. have successfully deployed these data-driven predictive mechanisms. Today, smart phones are laced with high-end technology which can easily enable in mapping the travel patterns of people, thereby offering real-time date to telecom providers and tech firms. Data from CCTV footage and ATM transaction records have been used for contact tracing in Singapore and South Korea. A portable surveillance device powered by machine learning, FluSense, can detect coughing in real time at public places, and then analyse the data to monitor trends.

Pressure on Privacy Protection

This massive tracking of consumer behaviour and data has invited severe rebuke from privacy law activists across the globe terming it as ‘privacy-infringement’. Doubters of AI and data science technology complain that this is a blatant attack on the civic liberties brought upon populations in the name of disease-surveillance. There is a growing fear of how this data will be used once the crisis is over and whether such data sets are truly anonymous. However, we should look at the data privacy guidelines from a different lens to facilitate the suppression of this pandemic as precious lives are being lost on daily basis.

Governments and regulators need to provide assurance that data-use and analysis will not endanger privacy rights. Greater transparency is required amongst governments, telecom providers and tech firms that such data sharing will not result in any future regulatory action. The data by telecom providers need to be in an anonymised and aggregated format. More ‘privacy-friendly’ alternatives should be wrought and use of tracking apps should be done on voluntarily basis and non-intrusive.

Such arduous situation necessitates a fine balance between governments, regulators, telecoms, and tech firms. We need to wisely analyse the trade-off between saving lives and civil liberties during this public health emergency. Ample evidence of AI and data science being effective tools against coronavirus should enable consumers to understand that some leeway could be given to the individual privacy laws. We all need to think and act unitedly to mitigate the impact and the methodical use of technological solutions can prove to be a formidable and potent warrior.

The post AI and Data Analytics to Combat Health Pandemic appeared first on New Age Healthcare.

In this digital age, populations are benefitting from the constant flow of information related to covid19. Social media and instant messaging platforms are buzzing with videos, memes and trending hashtags, print media is being flooded with opined articles and by-liners from pundits, and news channels inundated with harried correspondents trying to bring every piece of information at your fingertips is quite common.

However, it becomes an arduous task for an individual to sift authentic and trustable information from the copious stream of content. As a result, a myriad of myths related to coronavirus has surrounded all of us. These myths incorporate multitudes of aspects connected to coronavirus – etiology, symptoms, vulnerability, treatment by home remedies, drugs/vaccines available, food habits, immunity boosters, effect of weather on virus potency etc. – which could be equally dangerous as the coronavirus itself. In a recent incident in Iran, more than 600 people died from the consumption of high-concentrated alcohol based on a rumour that it could prevent infection from coronavirus. The severity of these misplaced myths/fake news about the hazardous cures and viral hoaxes can be judged from such unfortunate episodes.

Based on my expertise and knowledge in medicine and healthcare, I have made an earnest attempt to dissect many of these myths in a 2-part video series (links below). The realities busting these fallacies that you see in the videos have been factchecked and corroborated through reliable and bona fide resources like WHO. I firmly believe that we as individuals need to play a much bigger role in this fight against the coronavirus and we can begin by putting a stop to misinformation about the contagion being circulated online.

Links to the ‘Coronavirus-Myths vs Reality’ video series:

Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJOaScJ_3ic&t=19s

Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5R7ta3o-5I&t=13s

About the Author

Dr. Anuj Chawla is one of the leading Orthopedics and Foot & Ankle Surgeon in India. He can be contacted at dranujchawla@gmail.com. For consultation with Dr. Anuj, book an appointment by visiting the website: http://dranujchawla.com/. You can also connect with him on the following social channels:

Twitter: @dranujortho Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/doctoranujchawla/

The post Coronavirus Outbreak: Myths vs Facts appeared first on New Age Healthcare.

mRNA Vaccine

Pfizer is partnering with BioNtech for utilizing mRNA (messenger RNA) technology to develop the vaccine. This vaccine is expected to go for human trials in April. The mRNA technology platform is widely used for finding a cure of infectious diseases due to the low cost involved in the production and its better safety profile. Sanofi has also undertaken mRNA vaccine research and plans to begin the clinical testing by end of this year.

Blood Plasma Therapy

The underlying principle behind the blood plasma therapy is that the blood of a cured COVID-19 patient would have developed certain antibodies that can help a severely ill patient combat the virus and aid in recovery. The same therapy has been successfully implemented for treatment of other infectious diseases in past such as SARS, MERS and HINI. ICMR (India Council of Medical Research) considers this as a viable option of treatment in the absence of a vaccine and could try it out in few states in India. There have been few studies in China and US highlighting that few COVID patients have recovered using this therapy.

Anti-malarial and Anti-viral Drugs

Although there is no robust study which substantiates the effectiveness of the anti-malarial drug-Hydroxychloroquine to fight off coronavirus, many countries are vouching its use. India is the biggest producer of this drug and has agreed to export it to US, Israel and other countries in need. The potential usage of this drug against COVID-19 is under investigation in numerous trials. If proven effective, then this could a potential savior as the drug is cheap and can me made easily available where required.

Sesderma, a Spanish firm has claimed to successfully treat 75 COVID19 patients in Spain with its immune-strengthening supplemental drug. The company plans to work with ICMR in India for further clinical trials and is successful, this drug could be potential solution to end the pandemic.

Clearly, swift work is being carried out to speed up the process of discovering a potential solution that could end this crisis. The challenges for developing a vaccine are multifold but human resolve has been able to overcome massive hurdles in the past. It’s just a matter of time and till then the entire human race is hoping for the miraculous covid killer.

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